Open accesscreativecommonsPeer reviewed/Research article
Published online: Dec 2023

Sidney Pollard’s ‘Nineteenth Century Co-operation’ revisited: Periodisation, utopianism and realism in the British co-operative movement.

Christopher Olewicz

Vol 56 No 3, pp. 25-37

https://doi.org/10.61869/CAYM9334

How to cite this article:  Olewicz, C. (2023). Sidney Pollard’s Nineteenth Century Co-operation revisited: Periodisation, utopianism and realism in the British co-operative movement. Journal of co-operative Studies, 56(3), 25-37.  https://doi.org/10.61869/CAYM9334

Abstract

The co-operative movement in Britain has always held within it a utopian strand, influenced by the ideas of Robert Owen, the “father of co-operation.” Motivated by the recent creation of workers.coop, a new organisation of worker co-operatives, this essay charts the course of this utopianism from the nineteenth-century to the present day. Using Sidney Pollard’s seminal account of co-operative utopianism vs co-operative realism, it asks whether a new periodisation of the British co-operative moment is now required, given the marginalisation of consumer co-operation as a tool for social change since the 1960s and the “rediscovery” of worker co-operation. With both the UK Labour Party and the Co-operative Party promising to “double” the number of co-operatives in the UK going into the next general election in 2024, what are the consequences for the Movement? With post-capitalists identifying producer co-operatives as a potential successor to corporate capitalism, it is useful to consider the current health of utopian and realistic conceptions of co-operation within the movement.


PDF

References

Ackers, P. (2016). Experiments in industrial democracy: An historical assessment of the Leicestershire boot and shoe co-operative co-partnership movement. Labour History, 57(4), 526-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2016.1239876

Adams, T. (1987). The formation of the Co-operative Party reconsidered. International Review of Social History, 32(1), 48-68. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020859000008324

Anagnostelis, J. (1996). The birth of ICOM. The New Co-operator, 38(3), 2-3.

Backstrom, P.N. (1974). Christian socialism and co-operation in Victorian England. Croom Helm.

Bader, E. (1975). Economics and the living spirit or what can we learn from the Scott Bader Commonwealth. Stanley Hunt.

Birchall, J. (1994). Co-op: The people’s business. Manchester University Press.

Bonner, A. (1961). British co-operation: The history, principles, and organisation of the British co-operative movement. Co-operative Union.

Bottomley, T. N. (1989). Where have co-operative values gone? Journal of Co-operative Studies, 65, pp. 5-10.

Burton, A. (2005). The British consumer co-operative movement and film, 1890s-1960s. Manchester University Press.

Cannell, B. (2000). ICOM — Back on course and building on what we’re good at! The New Co-operator, 43(3), 1.

Coates, K. (1976). Some questions and some arguments. In K. Coates (Ed.), The new worker co‑operatives (pp. 11-33). Spokesman.

Cole, G. D. H. (1944). A century of co-operation. Co-operative Union.

Co-operative Union Central Executive and Labour Party National Executive Committee (1974). The Co‑operative Development Agency: Congress resolutions 1970 and 1974 (Joint Statement). Society for Co-operative Studies Bulletin, 21, 1-5.

Corrigan, C. (2018). More than just the “fuddy-duddy co-op”: The consumer co-operative movement in 1960s Great Britain. (Undergraduate Honours Dissertation, Northumbria University). History Dissertation Depository. https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/academic-departments/humanities/research/history-research/history-dissertation-repository/

Da Costa Vieira, T. & Foster, E. (2021). The elimination of political demands: Ordoliberalism, the big society and the depoliticization of co-operatives. Competition & Change, 26(2), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/10245294211003292

Edmondson, T. R. (1979). Come back, consumer co-operatives. Society for Co-operative Studies Bulletin, 34, 8-18.

Fletcher, R. (1976). Worker co-ops and the co-operative movement. In K. Coates (Ed.). The new worker co-operatives (pp. 173-216). Spokesman.

Gurney, P. (1996). Co-operative culture and the politics of consumption in England, 1870-1930. Manchester University Press.

Hadfield, M. (2018, 4 July). How do we double the size of the UK’s co-operative economy? Co-operative News.

Hadfield, M. (2022, 18 October). Labour reaffirms commitment to doubling size of co-operative economy, Co-operative News.  

Hall, F., & Watkins, W. P. (1934). Co-operation: A survey of the history, principles, and organisation of the co-operative movement in Great Britain and Ireland. Co-operative Union.

Harrison, J. F. C. (1960). Essays in Labour History. Edited by J. Saville & A. Briggs [Book Review]. New Left Review, 1(3). https://newleftreview.org/issues/i3

Harvey, R. (2022, June 1). New federation planned for worker co-ops in the UK. Co-operative News.

Hattersley, R. (1979). Politics and the co-operative movement: Co-operative commerce — and principles. Society for Co-operative Studies Bulletin, 35, 13-16.

Holmes C. (2000). Sidney Pollard 1925-1988. Proceedings of the British Academy, 105, 513-534.

Holyoake, G. J. (1858). Self-help by the people: The history of Co-operation in Rochdale. Holyoake & Co.

Holyoake, G. J. (1875). The history of co-operation, Vol 1: Pioneer period, 1812 to 1844. Trübner.

Holyoake, G. J. (1879). The history of co-operation Vol 2: Constructive period, 1845 to 1878. Trübner.

Howe, L. (1989). Try again: Draw a long breath. Journal of Co-operative Studies, 66, 59-62.

Huckfield, L. (2021). How Blair killed the co-ops: Reclaiming social enterprise from its neoliberal turn. Manchester University Press. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526149749

Jervis, R. M. (2016). Worker ownership, democratic management and developmental freedom in British worker co-operatives. [Doctoral Thesis, University of York]. White Rose eTheses Online. https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12947/

Leonard, R. L. (1966). The Co-ops in Politics. In G. Kaufmann (Ed.). The Left. Anthony Blond.

Marshall, R. L. (1979). Politics and the co-operative movement: A foreword. Society for Co-operative Studies Bulletin, 35, 11-12.

Mulqueen, T. A. (2019). Constituting the co-operative: Law and the political in the history of the English co-operative movement. [Doctoral Thesis, Birkbeck, University of London]. Birkbeck Institutional Research Online. http://vufind.lib.bbk.ac.uk/vufind/Record/594041

Pollard, S. (1960). Nineteenth-century co-operation: From community building to shopkeeping. In A. Briggs & J. Saville (Eds.), Essays in labour history, (pp 74–112). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15446-3_6

Pollard, S. (1965). The co-operatives at the crossroads. Fabian Society.

Pollard, S. (1971a). Introduction. In S. Pollard & J. Salt (Eds.), Robert Owen: Prophet of the poor: Essays in honour of the two hundredth anniversary of his birth (pp. x-xii). Macmillan.

Pollard, S. (1971b). The Foundation of the Co-operative Party. In A. Briggs & J. Saville (Eds.), Essays in Labour History, 1886-1923 (pp. 185-210). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-00755-4_8

Pollard, S. (1980). The co-operative ideal – Then and now. Hodgson Pratt Memorial Lecture. Co‑operative College.

Scharzer, G. (2012). No local: Why small-scale alternatives won’t change the world. Zero Books.

Schumacher, E. F. (1973). Small is beautiful. Blond & Briggs.

Semuels, A. (2015, 8 July). Getting Rid of Bosses: Can a company succeed if no one is in charge? The Atlantichttps://www.theatlantic.com/archive/

Sheffield Co-operator/Alexander A.V.  (1922, November). A. V. Alexander’s address to businessmen. Sheffield Co‑operator, No. 7, 7-8. https://www.principle5.coop/sheffield_co-operator/

Sustainable Consumption Roundtable (2006). Looking forward, looking back: Lessons in choice editing for sustainability. 19 case studies into drivers and barriers to mainstreaming more sustainable products. Sustainable Development Commission. St Andrews Research Repository.  http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2314

Sykes, M. (1981). The Co-operative Development Agency: Its origins and setting up. Society for Co‑operative Studies Bulletin, 42, 25-31.

Thornes, R. (1988). Change and continuity in the development of co-operation, 1827-1844. In S. Yeo (Ed.). New views of co-operation (pp. 27-51). Routledge.

Thornley, J. (1981). Workers co-operatives: Jobs and dreams. Heinemann Educational.

Varoufakis, V. (2023). Technofeudalism: What killed capitalism. Bodley Head.

Whellens, S. (2022). The future of worker co-operation in the UK, Stir to Action, 38. https://www.stirtoaction.com/articles/the-future-of-worker-co-operation-in-the-uk

Wilson, J. F., Webster, A., & Vorberg-Rugh, R. (2013). Building co-operation: A business history of the Co‑operative Group, 1863-2013. Oxford University Press.

UK Society for Co-operative Studies is registered in England and Wales as a charitable incorporated organisation Number 1175295. Our registered office is Holyoake House, Hanover Street, Manchester, M60 0AS.
Log in | Powered by White Fuse